RNAimmuno - Pathways

Cellular sensors and responders to foreign RNA and DNA

Cellular sensors and responders to foreign RNA and DNA

Reagents of RNAi and miRNA technologies delivered to cells either by transfection or released from expression vectors may be recognized by specific cellular sensors of foreign RNA and DNA. After the activation of cytoplasmic (RIG-I, MDA5, PKR, and OAS1-3) and endosomal (TLR3, 7, and 8) sensors, a signal is transduced through specific adaptor proteins to transcription factors which in turn stimulate production of proinflammatory cytokines and IFN. The activation of other sensors may induce cell death by pyroptosis (AIM2, NLRP3). TLR3 localization (denoted by asterisk) is cell type dependent. Endosomal TLRs are expressed mainly in the immune system cells.

Sensor
symbol
Localization Ligand Pathway
PKRcytoplasm, nucleusdsRNA,
5-prime-triphosphate RNA
BIOCARTA
OAS1cytoplasm,
nucleus,
membranes
dsRNARNAimmuno
OAS2cytoplasm,
nucleus,
membranes
dsRNARNAimmuno
OAS3microsomesdsRNARNAimmuno
RIG-Icytoplasmblunt-ended dsRNA,
5-prime-triphosphate RNA
KEGG_1
KEGG_2
InvivoGen
MDA5cytoplasmlong dsRNA KEGG
InvivoGen
TLR3endosome,
cell membrane,
endoplasmic reticulum membrane
dsRNAKEGG
BIOCARTA
InvivoGen
TLR7endosomes, membranesssRNAKEGG
BIOCARTA
InvivoGen
TLR8endosomes, membranesssRNAKEGG
BIOCARTA
InvivoGen
TLR9endosomes, membranesCpG DNAKEGG
BIOCARTA
InvivoGen
NLRP3cytoplasmRNAKEGG
NOD2cytoplasmssRNAKEGG
RNAimmuno
AIM2cytoplasmDNAKEGG
ZBP1cytoplasmDNAKEGG